Unit 1 Meaning of Research:
Objectives of Research, Types of Research, Research Process, Problem
Statement, Research Design, Approaches to Research-Quantitative, Qualitative Approach,
Exploratory, Confirmatory Research, Experimental and Theoretical Research.
Notes
UNIT 2 Problem Formulation: Conducting Literature Review, Information Sources (Books,
monographs, reviews, blogs, etc.), Information Retrieval, Role of libraries in Information
Retrieval, Tools for identifying literature (digital resources and print media), Indexing and
abstracting services, Citation indexes, Summarising the Review, Critical Review, Identifying
Research Gap, Conceptualising and Hypothesising the research gap.
Experimental / Simulation/ Theoretical /Empirical Research, Cause effect
relationship, Development of Hypothesis, Measurement Systems Analysis, Validity and
Reliability, Statistical Design of Experiments, Field Experiments, Data/Variable Types &
Classification, Data collection - Methods and Tools.
UNIT - 4 Data Analysis and Interpretation: Sampling, Sampling Error, Statistical Methods/Tools -
Measures of Central Tendency and Variation, Test of Hypothesis- z test, t test, F test, ANOVA,
Chi square, correlation and regression analysis, Error Estimation.
UNIT - 5 Writing Research Articles and Thesis: Data Presentation- Types of tables and illustrations,
Guidelines for writing the abstract, introduction, methodology, results and discussion,
conclusion sections of a manuscript. References – Styles and methods, Citation and listing
system of documents. Plagiarism. Ethical considerations in Research.
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