MG6851 |
PRINCIPLES
OF MANAGEMENT |
|
OBJECTIVES:
To enable the students to study
the evolution of Management, to study the functions and
principles of management and to
learn the application of the principles in an organization .\
UNIT I
INTRODUCTION
TO MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONS
Definition of Management – Science
or Art – Manager Vs Entrepreneur - types of managers -
managerial roles and skills –
Evolution of Management – Scientific, human relations , system and
contingency approaches – Types of
Business organization - Sole proprietorship, partnership,
company-public and private sector
enterprises - Organization culture and Environment – Current
trends and issues in Management.
UNIT II
PLANNING
Nature and purpose of planning –
planning process – types of planning – objectives – setting
objectives – policies – Planning
premises – Strategic Management – Planning Tools and Techniques
– Decision making steps and
process.
UNIT III
ORGANISING
Nature and purpose – Formal and
informal organization – organization chart – organization structure
– types – Line and staff authority
– departmentalization – delegation of authority – centralization and
decentralization – Job Design -
Human Resource Management – HR Planning, Recruitment,
selection, Training and
Development, Performance Management , Career planning and management.
UNIT IV
DIRECTING
Foundations of individual and group
behaviour – motivation – motivation theories – motivational
techniques – job satisfaction – job
enrichment – leadership – types and theories of leadership –
communication – process of
communication – barrier in communication – effective communication –
communication and IT.
UNIT V
CONTROLLING
System and process of controlling –
budgetary and non-budgetary control techniques – use of
computers and IT in Management
control – Productivity problems and management – control and
performance – direct and preventive control – reporting.
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
OUTCOMES :
Upon completion of the course,
students will be able to have clear understanding of managerial
functions like planning,
organizing, staffing, leading & controlling and have same basic
knowledge on international aspect of management
TEXTBOOKS:
1. Stephen P. Robbins & Mary Coulter,
“Management”, 10th Edition, Prentice Hall (India) Pvt.
Ltd.,
2009.
2. JAF Stoner, Freeman R.E and Daniel R
Gilbert “Management”, 6th Edition, Pearson Education,
2004.
REFERENCES:
1. Stephen A. Robbins & David A.
Decenzo & Mary Coulter, “Fundamentals of Management”
7th Edition,
Pearson Education, 2011.
2. Robert Kreitner & Mamata Mohapatra,
“Management”, Biztantra, 2008.
3. Harold Koontz & Heinz Weihrich
“Essentials of management” Tata Mc Graw Hill, 1998.
4.
Tripathy PC & Reddy PN, “Principles of Management”, Tata McGraw Hill, 1999.
UNIT I
INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT AND
ORGANIZATION
PART A
1. Define Management
Management is the process of
designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together
in groups efficiently to accomplish selected aims.
2. List out the various objectives of Management.
ü Getting Maximum Results with
Minimum Efforts
ü Increasing the Efficiency of
factors of Production
ü Maximum Prosperity for
Employer & Employees
ü Human betterment &
Social Justice
ü Reduces Costs
ü Establishes Equilibrium
ü Establishes Sound
Organization
3. List out the importance of Management.
ü Improves Understanding
ü Direction for Training of
Managers
ü Guide to Research in
Management
4. List out the characteristics of Management
ü Management is an activity
ü It applies economic principles
ü It is an integrating process
ü It is an interdisciplinary approach
ü It is dynamic not static
5. Distinguish between Management and Administration
Attributes |
Management |
Administration |
Definition |
Art of getting things done
through others by directing their efforts towards achievement of
pre-determined goals. |
Formulation of broad
objectives, plans & policies. |
Nature |
executing function, doing
function |
decision-making function,
thinking function |
Usage |
Used in business enterprises. |
Popular with government, military,
educational, and religious organizations. |
Influence |
Decisions are influenced by the values,
opinions, beliefs and decisions of the managers. |
Influenced by public opinion, government
policies, customs etc. |
Abilities |
Handles the employees. |
Handles the business aspects such as
finance. |
6. List out the various levels of Management.
ü Top-Level Management
ü Middle-Level Management
ü Lower – Level Management
7. Explain the part of Top Management
ü
Top management
lays down the objectives and broad policies of the enterprise
ü The top management is also responsible towards the
shareholders for the performance of the enterprise.
ü
Controls &
coordinates the activities of all the departments
ü
Prepares
strategic plans & policies for the enterprise
8. List down the functions of Middle
Level Management
ü They execute the plans of the organization in
accordance with the policies and directives of the top management.
ü They make plans for the sub-units of the organization.
ü They participate in employment & training of lower
level management.
ü They evaluate performance of junior managers.
ü They are also responsible for inspiring lower level
managers towards better performance.
9. What are the functions of Lower Level
Management?
ü Assigning of jobs and tasks to various workers.
ü They guide and instruct workers for day to day
activities.
ü They are responsible for the quality as well as
quantity of production.
ü They prepare periodical reports about the performance
of the workers.
ü They ensure discipline in the enterprise.
ü They motivate workers.
10. What are the functions of Management?
ü Planning
ü Organizing
ü Staffing
ü Directing
ü Controlling
11. List out the types of Managers
ü Authoritarian Manager
ü Democratic Manager
ü Paternalistic manager
ü Laissez Faire Manager
12. Define Authoritarian Manager
ü Authoritarian
Manager is one who is the sole
decision maker for his management unit and prefers his subordinates to perform
their tasks exactly as outlined by him.
This type of manager makes work easier for the employee as the latter
knows exactly what is expected of him/her and the way in which the task is to
be performed.
13. Define Democratic Manager
ü Democratic
Manager is that person who believes
in majority consensus and takes any decision only after consulting his/her
subordinates.
This type of manager displays participative management style by
allowing his subordinates' participation in the decision-making process.
14. Define Paternalistic Manager
ü Paternalistic
manager is the one who acts like a
parent figure to his subordinates and makes sure to regularly bond with his
subordinates to listen to their professional issues and lend a helping hand to
ease their operational difficulties.
15. Define Laissez Faire Manager
ü Laissez
Faire Manager communicates the tasks
to be performed by his subordinates and sets targets and deadlines for the
completion of such tasks.
16. List down the Role of Managers
ü Interpersonal Roles
ü Informational Roles
ü Decision Roles
17. List out the evolution of Management
Thoughts
ü Pre-Scientific Management Era
(before 1880)
ü Classical management Era (1880-1930)
ü Neo-classical Management Era (1930-1950)
ü Modern Management era(1950-on word)
18. What is Scientific Management?
Scientific
Management is an art of knowing exactly what you want your men to do and seeing
that they do it in the best and cheapest way.
19. What are techniques of Scientific
Management?
ü Time
Study
ü Motion
Study
ü Standardization
ü Differential
Piece Wage Plan
20. What is Time Study?
ü It is a technique which enables the manager to
ascertain standard time taken for performing a specified job.
ü This technique is based on the study of an average
worker having reasonable skill and ability.
21. What is Motion Study?
ü Motion Study observes movement of body and limbs
required to perform a job are closely observed.
ü It refers to the study of movement of an operator on
machine involved in a particular task.
ü Motion study increases the efficiency and productivity
of workers by cutting down all wasteful motions.
22. What is Differential Wage Plan?
ü This system is a source of incentive to workers who
improving their efficiency in order to get more wages.
ü It also encourages inefficient workers to improve
their performance and achieve their standards.
ü
It leads to mass
production which minimizes cost and maximizes profits.
23. What is Bureaucratic Organization?
ü There is a high degree of Division of Labor and
Specialization.
ü There is a well-defined Hierarchy of Authority.
ü It follows the principle of Rationality, Objectively
and Consistency.
ü There are Formal and Impersonal relations among the
member of the organization.
ü Interpersonal relations are based on positions and not
on personalities.
24. Define Sole Proprietorship
ü
Business is owned
and run by one person only. Even though he can employ people, he is still the sole
traderof the business.
25. List out the Merits and Demerits of
Partnership
Merits:
ü More capital than a sole trader.
ü Responsibilities are split.
ü Any losses are shared between partners.
Demerits:
ü Unlimited liability.
ü No continuity, no legal identity.
ü Partners can disagree on decisions, slowing
down decision making.
ü If one partner is inefficient or dishonest,
everybody loses.
26. What is Private Limited Company?
Private
Limited Companies have separate legal identities to their owners, and thus
their owners have limited liability. The company has continuity, and can sell
shares to friends or family.
27. What is Organization Culture?
ü Organizational
culture is the behavior of humans within an organization and the meaning that
people attach to those behaviors.
ü Culture
includes the organization's vision values, norms, systems, symbols, language,
assumptions, beliefs, and habits.
28. List out the importance of
Organization Culture.
ü
The culture decides the way employees interact at their workplace
ü
The culture of an organization represents certain predefined policies
which guide the employees and give them a sense of direction at the workplace
ü
Work culture goes a long way in creating the brand image of the
organization.
ü
Work culture unites the employees who are otherwise from different back
grounds
ü
The work culture promotes healthy relationship amongst the employees
ü
Culture of the organization which extracts the best out of each team
member
29. List down the types of Organization
Culture
ü
Clan culture
ü
Adhocracy culture
ü
Market oriented
culture
ü
Hierarchy culture
30. Outline the fourteen principles of
Henry Fayol.
ü Division
of Labor
ü Party of
Authority & Responsibility
ü Unity of
command
ü
Unity of
Direction
ü
Equity
ü
Order
ü
Discipline
ü
Initiative
ü
Fair Remuneration
ü
Stability of
Tenure
ü
Scalar Chain
ü
Sub-Ordination of
Individual Interest to General Interest
ü
Espirit De’ Corps
ü
Centralization
& De-Centralization
31. What is Scalar Chain?
ü The chain of superiors ranging from the ultimate
authority to the lowest.
ü Every orders, instructions, messages, requests,
explanation etc. has to pass through Scalar chain.
32. What is Espirit De’ Crops?
ü It refers to team spirit i.e. harmony in the work
groups and mutual understanding among the members.
ü Spirit De’ Corps inspires workers to work harder.
33. What is Centralization?
ü Centralization means concentration of authority at the
top level.
ü It is a situation in which top management retains most
of the decision making authority.
34. What is De-Centralization?
ü
Decentralization
means disposal of decision making authority to all the levels of the
organization.
ü
It means sharing
authority downwards from top to bottom management.
35. List down the types of Business Firms.
ü Sole Proprietorship
ü Public Limited Company
ü Private Limited Company
ü Partnership
36. What is meant by Organization
Values?
ü Organization values may be guiding principles of
behavior for all members in the organization.
ü Values reflect what is important in the organization
ü
It may be stated
on the organization's website.
37. List out the visible elements of
organization culture.
ü Artifacts
ü Stories, histories, myths, legends, jokes
ü Rituals, rites, ceremonies, celebrations
ü Heroes
ü Symbols and symbolic action
ü Beliefs, assumptions and mental models
ü Attitudes
ü Rules, norms, ethical codes, values
38. List down the invisible elements of
organization culture.
ü
Organizational
Values
ü
Organizational
Beliefs
ü
Organizational
Norms
39. What is Organization Environment?
Organizational environment is a set of forces and conditions, such as technology
and competition, that are outside the organization’s boundaries and have the
potential to affect the way the organization operates and the way managers
engage in planning and organizing.
40. List out the types of Organization
Environment
ü Task Environment
ü General Environment
41. What is task environment?
Task Environment
of an organization is the environment which directly affects the organization
from attaining business goals.
42. List out the Factors responsible for
task environment.
ü Suppliers
ü Distributors
ü Customers
ü Competitors
43. What is General environment?
ü General environment or mega environment is an
important segment of external environment.
ü It refers to the broad trends and conditions in the
societies within which an organization operates.
44. List down the major Elements and
Forces of General Environment
ü Economic forces
ü Technology forces
ü Socio-cultural forces
ü Political-legal forces
ü International forces
45. List out the Factors of Internal
Environment
ü Owners
ü Board of Directors
ü Employees
ü Physical Environment
ü Culture
46. What is Multi-national Corporation?
ü Multinational corporations (MNCs) are business
entities that operate in more than one country.
ü Normally functions with a headquarters that is based
in one country, while other facilities are based in locations in other
countries.
47. List out the Features of
Multinational Corporation.
ü Worldwide operation
ü Create maximum operation
ü Advanced Technology
ü High Efficiency
ü Monopolistic Market
ü Product / Service Organization
48. List down the Reasons why companies
become multi-national.
ü To increase market share
ü To secure cheaper premises and labor
ü To avoid tax or trade barriers
ü Government grants
49. List out the Types of Multi-national
Corporations
ü Ethnocentric companies
ü Polycentric companies
ü Regio-centric companies
ü Geo-centric / global companies
50. Outline Strategies for performing
global business.
ü Exporting and Importing
ü Franchising
ü Joint-ventures
ü Licensing
ü Manufacturing in Foreign country
ü Consultancy Services
ü Mergers
ü Counter-trade
PART – B
1.
Analyze the various management functions in detail.
2.
Explain in detail about Henry Fayol’s contribution towards classical
approach in management.
(Nov/Dec 2006),
(April/May 2013), (May/June 2016) (Nov/Dec 2018) (MG8951) (Reg. 2017)
3.
Discuss the principles and techniques of scientific management formulated
by F.W. Taylor.
4.
Distinguish between administration and management.
5.
Discuss – Is management science or art.
(Nov/Dec 2006),
(April/May 2007), (May/June 2016) (MG6851) (Reg. 2013)(MG 8591) (Nov/Dec 2019)
6.
Explain the roles and social responsibility of a manager.
7.
Discuss the relative importance of each type of the skills to lower,
middle and upper level managers.
8.
Explain in detail the evolution of management thought. (May/June 2016) (Nov/Dec 2019) (MG8951)
(Reg. 2017)
9.
Classify the types of business organization.
10.
Analyze the various types of environment which affect business
organizations. (Nov/Dec 2012) (April/May 2015) (MG8951) (Reg. 2017)
11.
Discuss in detail about organization culture.
12.
Analyze the strategies for international business. (April/May 2017) (MG8951) (Reg. 2017)
13.
Outline the tactics in managing global business.
ASSIGNMENT TOPICS
1. Discuss why it’s important to study
management.
2. Analyze the rewards and challenges of
being a manager.
3. Elaborate an organization using the
systems approach.
4. Explain how the contingency approach
is appropriate for studying management.
5. Identify the seven dimensions of
organizational culture.
6. Discuss the impact of a strong
culture on organizations and managers.
7. List out the components of the
specific and general environments.
8. Contrast multinational,
multidomestic, global and transnational organization.
9. Classify the different ways
organizations can go international.
10. Discuss the challenges of doing
business globally in today’s world.
11. Discuss whether organizations should
be socially involved.
12. Discuss what conclusion can be
reached regarding social involvement and economic performance.
13. Discuss specific ways managers can
encourage ethical behavior.
14. Justify manager’s important role in
encouraging ethical behavior.
15. Discuss how business can promote
positive social change.
UNIT II
PLANNING
PART-A
1. Define Planning.
Planning is a process to develop a strategy to
achieve desired objectives, to solve problems, and to facilitate action.
2.
List out the Features of Planning
ü Focuses on Achieving Objectives
ü It is Primary Function of
Management
ü It is Pervasive
ü It is Continuous
ü It is Futuristic
ü Involves Decision Making
ü It is a Mental Exercise
3. What is the Importance of Planning?
ü Provides Direction
ü Reduces Risks of Uncertainty
ü Reduces Overlapping and Wasteful
Activities
ü Promotes Innovative Ideas
ü Facilitates Decision Making
ü Establishes Standards for
Controlling
4. List out the types of Planning
ü Corporate Planning
ü Strategic Planning
ü Operational or Tactical Planning
ü Proactive Planning
ü Reactive Planning
ü Formal and Informal Planning
ü Automated Planning
5. What is Strategic Planning?
Strategic
Planning is process of deciding on the objectives of the organization, on
changes on these objectives and on the policies that are to govern the
acquisition, use and disposition of these resources.
6. What is Operational Planning?
Operational
planning is the process of deciding, the most effective use of the resources
already allocated and to develop a control mechanism to assure effective
implementation of the actions so that organizational objectives are achieved.
7. Distinguish between formal and
informal planning.
ü Formal
Planning exists in the formal
hierarchy of the organization and is always carried out in the stepwise process
ü Informal
Planning is usually carried out in
very small organizations where the formal organization structure may or may not
exist.
8. List out the Steps in Planning
Process.
ü Determination of the objectives
ü Collection and forecasting of Information
ü Development of planning premises
ü Discovering alternative courses of action
ü Selection of best alternative
ü Formulation of derivative plans
ü Communicating the plan
ü Follow up measures
9. Define Objectives.
ü Objectives may be defined as the goals
which an organization tries to achieve.
ü Objective is a term commonly used to
indicate the point of a management program
ü Objectives are the goals, aims or
purposes that organizations wish to achieve over varying periods of times
ü Objectives decide where we want to go, what we want to achieve and
next what is our destination.
10. What is meant by MBO?
Management
by Objectives (MBO) is a process in which a manager and an employee agree upon
a set of specific performance goals, or objectives, and jointly develop a plan
for reaching them.
11. List down the Features of MBO.
ü Superior-subordinate
participation
ü Joint goal-setting
ü Joint decision on methodology
ü Makes way to attain maximum
result
ü Support from superior
12. Outline the Steps in MBO.
ü Collectively
fixing objectives
ü Collectively
making a plan
ü Subordinates
implements the plan
ü Collectively
monitoring performance
13. Define Policy
ü Policies are general statements or
understandings which guide or channel thinking in decision-making of
subordinates.
ü Policies are guides to action. They
provide abroad guideline as to how the objectives of an organization are to be
achieved.
14. List out the features of good
policy.
ü Policy is formulated through the various steps in the decision-making
process.
ü Policy can be interpreted from the behavior of the top management.
ü Policy provides guidelines to the members of the organization for
choosing a particular course of action.
15. Classification of Policies.
ü Top management policies
ü Upper middle management policies
ü Middle management policies
ü Foremen policies
ü Sales policies
ü Production Policies
ü Research policies
16. Outline
the Steps in Policy Formulation
ü Establish need for a policy
ü Develop policy content
ü Draft the policy
ü Write the procedure
ü Review of the policy by key parties
ü Approve the policy
ü Implement the policy
ü Policy review and update
ü Communication of changes to the policy
17. Distinguish between Objectives and
Policies
Objectives |
Policies |
Objective decide what to do |
Policy decides how to do. |
Objectives determine the final goal of the
enterprise |
Policies are framed to achieve the objective
efficiently. |
Objectives decide the specific job to be done |
Policies decide the procedures to be adopted
for completion of the job |
Objectives are the target and aims planning. |
Policies are the means and manner of achieving
objectives. |
18. Define Procedure
ü A ‘Procedure’ is a standing plan
describing a customary method of handling a future activity.
ü Procedures are meant to standardize
and routinize the pattern and, pace, of work flow at the operational level.
19.
Distinguish between Policies and Procedures
ü Policies guide top management in decision making,
while procedures guide employees into action.
ü Policies leave some room for managerial discretion,
while procedures are detailed and rigid
ü Policies are an integral part of organizational
strategies, while procedures are tactical tools
ü Policies are generally formulated by top management,
while procedures are laid down at lower organizational levels in line with
policies
20. Define Program.
ü A ‘Program’ may be defined as
single-use comprehensive plan designed to implement the policies and accomplish
the objectives.
ü It gives a step by- step approach to
guide the action necessary to reach a pre-determined goal.
21. List out the features of Program
ü It is a single-use but comprehensive plan.
ü It lays down the principal steps for accomplishing a mission.
ü It gives a step-by-step approach to guide the action plan.
ü It is guided by the objectives and strategies and covers many other
types of plans
ü It is a time-table of the future action.
22. Define Strategy.
Strategy is the pattern of
objectives, purposes or goals and major policies and plans for achieving these
goals, stated in such a way as to define what business the company is in or is
to be and the kind of company it is or is to be.
23. List out the characteristics of
Strategy.
ü Strategy is forward looking
ü Strategy is an action to meet a
particular challenge, to solve particular problems or to attain a desired
objective
ü Strategy relates the business
organization to its environment
ü Strategy is a means to an end and not
an end in itself.
24. What are
levels of Strategy?
ü Business Level Strategy
ü Corporate Level Strategy
ü Functional Level Strategy
25. What is meant by Corporate Level
Strategy?
ü Corporate-level strategy seeks to determine what businesses a corporation
should be in or wants to be in
ü Corporate-level strategy is developed by top-level management and the board of
directors
26. What is Business Level Strategy?
Business-level strategies
are generally developed by upper and middle-level business unit managers, in
negotiation on key targets with the top corporate managers, and are intended to
help the organization achieve its corporate level strategy.
27. What is meant by Functional Level
Strategy?
Functional or business
process strategies address issues usually faced by lower-level managers and
deal with strategies for the major organizational functions such as marketing,
finance, production, and research, which are considered important to achieving
the business strategies and enabling the corporate-level strategy.
28. List out the types of Strategies
ü Integration Strategies
ü Intensive Strategies
ü Diversification Strategies
ü Defensive Strategies
29. What is Diversification?
Diversification
entails effecting growth through the
development of new areas that are clearly distinct from current businesses
30. Classify the Diversification
Strategies
ü
Concentric
Diversification: Adding new but related products or services is called
concentric diversification.
ü
Horizontal
Diversification: Adding new unrelated products or services for present
customers is called horizontal diversification.
ü
Conglomerate
Diversification: Adding new but unrelated products or services is called
conglomerate Diversification.
31. What is Planning Premises?
ü Planning premises are identified as the anticipated
environment in which plans are expected to operate.
ü Planning premises are the critical
factors which lay down the boundary for planning
32. Classify Planning Premises.
ü Internal and external premises
ü Controllable, semi-controllable and non-controllable
premises
ü Tangible and Intangible premises
33. What is Strategic Management?
Strategic
management is that set of managerial
decisions and actions that determines the long-run performance of an
organization. It entails all of the basic management functions--planning,
organizing, leading, and controlling.
34. Outline the Strategic Management
Process.
35. List out the tools and techniques to measure
Strategic Management.
ü SWOT Analysis
ü BCG Matrix
ü Porter’s Five Force Model
ü Gap Analysis
ü Balance Score-Card
36. Outline the SWOT Analysis
A scan of the internal and external environment is an important
part of the strategic planning process. Environmental factors internal to the
firm usually can be classified as strengths (S) or weaknesses (W),
and those external to the firm can be classified as opportunities (O) or
threats (T).
37. What is BCG Matrix?
The
BCG matrix, developed by the Boston Consulting Group, is a strategy tool
to guide resource allocation decisions based on market share and growth of SBUs
(Small Business Units).
38. Outline the Porter’s Five Force
Model
ü Threat of new entrants
ü Bargaining power of suppliers
ü Bargaining power of customers
ü Competitive Rivalry
ü Threat of Substitutes
39. What is GAP analysis?
Gap
analysis is a tool that organizational managers can use to work out the size,
and sometimes the shape, of the strategic tasks to be undertaken in order to
move from its current state to a desired, future state.
40. What is Balanced Score Card?
Balanced Scorecard enables organizations
to bridge the gap between strategy and actions, engage a broader range of users
in organizational planning reflects the most important aspects of the business,
and respond immediately to progress, feedback and changing business conditions.
41. What
is Decision Making?
ü
Decision making is the process of identifying
and selecting a course of action to solve a specific problem
ü
Decision making involves the selection of a
course of action from among two or more possible alternatives in order to
arrive at a solution for a given problem.
42. List
down the importance of Decision Making in Management.
ü
Better Utilization of Resources
ü
Facing Problems and Challenges
ü
Business Growth
ü
Achieving Objectives
ü
Increases Efficiency
ü
Facilitates Innovation
ü
Motivates Employees
43. List
out the types of Decision Making.
ü Programmed/Structured
Decisions
ü Non-programmed /Unstructured
Decision
44.
Outline the Steps in Decision Making Process
ü Defining and
analyzing the real problem
ü Developing
alternative solutions
ü Evaluating the
alternative solutions
ü Selecting the
best solution
ü Implementing the
Decision
ü Follow Up
45. What
is Rational Decision Making?
ü
Rational decision making is a precise,
analytical process that companies use to come up with a fact-based decision.
46.
Outline the Steps in Rational Decision Making.
ü
Define the problem
ü
Identify the criteria
ü
Weight the criteria
ü
Generate alternatives
ü
Rate each alternative on each criterion
ü
Evaluating each alternative
47.
Explain the decision making under different conditions
ü
Decision Making Under Certainty
ü
Decision Making Under Risk
ü
Decision Making Under Uncertainty
PART – B
1. Discuss the steps involved in planning. (April/May
2017) (MG8951) (Reg. 2017) (13 Marks)
2. Analyze the various steps to perform
decision making process.
(May/June 2016)
(Nov/Dec 2016) (April/May 2017) (MG8951) (Reg. 2017)
3. Explain the importance and purpose of
decision making.
4. Classify the types of decisions.
5. Explain the features and importance
of planning.
6. Explain in detail about MBO.
7. Classify the types of planning in
detail.
8. Discuss the features of objectives
and guidelines for objective setting.
9. Classify the different types of
strategies.
10. Discuss in detail about policy,
procedure, rules and method, program, projects, schedule and budgets.
11. Analyze the planning tools and
techniques for strategic management.
ASSIGNMENT TOPICS
1. Discuss the types of goals
organizations might have.
2. Analyze how managers can effectively
plan in today’s dynamic environment.
3. Discuss how traditional goal setting
and MBO work
4. Discuss the approaches to planning.
5. Construct SWOT analysis.
6. Explain how the BCG matrix is used to
manage corporate strategies.
7. Analyze e-business strategies.
8. Explain why strategic flexibility is
important
9. Discuss what strategies organization
might use to become more customer oriented and to be more innovative.
10. Analyze Porter’s five forces model.
11. Discuss the role of competitive
advantage in current scenario.
12. Classify the eight steps in the
decision making process with real time example.
13. Discuss the 12 decision-making
biases.
14. Explain the managerial
decision-making model.
15. List the six characteristics of an
effective decision making process.
16. Explain how managers can make
effective decisions in today’s world.
UNIT
III
ORGANIZING
PART-A
1. Define Organization
ü Organization is harmonious adjustment of the
specialized parts for the accomplishment of some common purpose or purposes
ü An identifiable group of people contributing their
efforts for the attainment of the common goals is called organization.
ü Organization is the establishment of authority and
relationships with provision for coordination between them, both vertically and
horizontally in the enterprise structure.
2. List down the importance of
organizing function.
ü Co-ordination
ü Delegating authority
ü Sense of security
ü Job definition
ü Management growth
ü Personal growth
3. List out the steps in the process of
organizing function.
ü Division
of work
ü Departmentation
ü Linking departments
ü Assigning Duties
ü Defining hierarchal
structure
4. What are the purposes of organizing?
ü Helps to achieve
organizational goal
ü Optimum use of resources
ü To perform managerial function
ü Facilitates growth and
diversification
ü Humane treatment of employees
5. What is a formal organization?
ü An organization is formal when the activities are
coordinated towards a common objective.
ü A formal organization has a specific set of commands
to direct employees in achieving its goals.
6. List out the Objectives of formal
organization.
ü To facilitate the accomplishment of the goals of the
organization
ü To facilitate the co-ordination of various activities
ü To aid the establishment of logical authority
relationship
ü To aid the establishment of division of labor
ü Create group cohesiveness
7. List down the Features of formal organization.
ü
It is absolutely non-individual.
ü
It is predetermined and deliberately created.
ü
It is created on the basis of delegation of
authority.
ü
It does not consider the emotional aspect.
ü
Division of labor and specialization becomes
possible.
ü
Organization charts are followed.
8. What is an informal organization?
ü Informal organization is any human group interactions
that occur spontaneously and naturally over long period of time.
ü Informal organizations are formed on the basis of
individual relations, communication, general knowledge.
9. List down the importance of informal
organization.
ü It serves as a very useful channel of communication in
the organization. The informal communication is very fast.
ü It blends with the formal organization to make it more
effective. It gives support to the formal organization.
ü The presence of informal organization encourages the
manager to plan and act carefully.
ü Informal organization supports and supplements the
formal organization.
10. List out the features of informal organization.
ü
It is supplement to the formal organization.
ü
The informal relationships are established
spontaneously.
ü
These organizations are found at each level of
management.
11.
Distinguish between formal and informal organization.
Formal Organization |
Informal Organization |
It is originated with delegation of authority. |
It originates automatically due to social relations. |
These are formed for organizational objectives. |
These are formed for social satisfaction. |
Members of these organizations have formal relations. |
Members of these organizations have personal relations. |
It has a well-defined structure. |
It does not have a well-defined and clear cut structure. |
Authority flows from top to bottom. |
Authority flows from down to top or horizontally. |
12.
What is an organization structure?
ü Organization structure is a pattern of relationship
among the various positions in a firm and among the various people occupying
the positions.
ü Organization structure deals with the overall
organizational arrangements in an enterprise.
13.
Explain the objectives of organization structure.
ü
To develop coordination among the different
activities performed by the various departments in the enterprise.
ü
To avoid duplication of the efforts at the time
of execution of the necessary activities.
ü
To execute all necessary activities and undue
activity avoided.
14.
List out the types of organization structure.
ü
Line organization
structure.
ü
Functional
organization structure.
ü
Line and staff
organization structure.
ü
Product
organization structure.
ü
Committee and
Matrix organization structure.
15.
What is line organization structure?
ü
In line
organization, the line of authority moves directly from the top level to the
lowest level in a step-by-step manner.
ü
Here the
top-level management takes all major decisions and issues directions for actual
execution.
16.
What is functional organization structure?
ü In function organization structure the job of
management is divided according to specialization.
ü There will be separation of planning of work and
execution of the plan prepared.
17.
What is product organization structure?
ü A product structure is based on organizing employees
and work on the basis of the different products.
ü Product structure groups employees together based upon
specific products produced by the company.
18. What is matrix organization structure?
ü A matrix organizational structure is a company
structure in which the reporting relationships are set up as a grid, or matrix,
rather than in the traditional hierarchy.
ü It focuses on hierarchy with multiple levels of
communication responsibilities in a company.
ü Employees may develop their own projects and assemble
a team to work on them.
19. What is Departmentation?
ü Grouping of activities into
departments or other homogeneous unit is known as departmentation.
ü Departmentalisation is the
process of grouping tasks into jobs, the combining of jobs into effective work
groups and the combining of groups into identifiable groups or departments.
20. List down the types or bases of
Departmentation.
ü
Departmentation
by function
ü
Departmentation
by product
ü
Departmentation
by process
ü
Departmentation
by geography
ü
Departmentation
by customer
ü
Departmentation
by time
ü
Departmentation
by number
21. What is span of control?
ü Span of Control in management and administration thus refers to the
total number of people whom a manager or an administrator can effectively
control and supervise.
ü Span of control means the number of subordinates whom
a superior (manager or administrator) can effectively supervise.
22. Distinguish between tall vs flat
structure.
ü Tall - A
management structure characterized by an overall narrow span of management and
a relatively large number of hierarchical levels. Tight control.
ü Flat - A
management structure characterized by a wide span of control and relatively few
hierarchical levels. Lose control. Facilitates delegation
23. List out the factors influencing
span of control.
ü Work performed by subordinates is stable and routine.
ü Subordinates perform similar work tasks.
ü Subordinates are concentrated in a single location.
ü Subordinates are highly trained and need little
direction in performing tasks.
ü Rules and procedures defining task activities are
available.
24. What is centralization?
ü Centralization is the systematic and consistent
reservation of authority at central points within an organization
ü In centralization all the important decision and
actions at the lower level, all subjects and actions at the lower level are
subject to the approval of top management.
25. What are the advantages of
centralization?
ü Effective utilization of talents of the top
management.
ü It reduces co-ordination problems as a unifying force
integrates all operations.
ü It allows the development of a strong co-ordinates top
management team.
26. What is decentralization?
ü Decentralization denotes the transfer of authority
from the higher level to the lower level.
ü Decentralization of authority means dispersal of
decision-making power to the lower level of the organization.
27. List down the features of
decentralization.
ü Decentralization
is concerned with the attitude and philosophy of organization and management
ü Decentralization
is the result of effective delegation of authority.
ü Decentralization
transfers authorities to the subordinates.
28.
Distinguish between centralization and decentralization.
Centralization |
Decentralization |
Environment is stable |
Environment is complex,
uncertain |
Lower-level managers are
not as capable or experienced at making decisions as upper-level managers. |
Lower-level managers are
capable and experienced at making decisions. |
Lower-level managers do
not want to have say in decisions |
Lower-level managers want
a voice in decisions. |
Decisions are significant. |
Decisions are relatively
minor. |
29. What
is delegation of authority?
ü Delegation
of authority is meant by assigning jobs to others and giving rights to execute
them.
ü Delegation
of authority merely means the granting of authority to subordinates to operate
within prescribed limits.
30. List
down the features of delegation of authority.
ü
The degree of delegation prescribes the limits
within which a manager has to decide the things.
ü
Delegation of authority is made for getting
cooperation from the subordinates.
ü
With the delegation of authority, the subordinate
gets the authority but at the same time superior retains his own authority.
31. List
out the elements of delegation of authority.
ü Responsibility
ü Authority
ü Accountability
32. What
is responsibility?
ü Responsibility
may be defined as the obligation of a subordinate to whom the duty has been
assigned to perform.
ü Responsibility
is the obligation of a subordinate to perform the duty as required by his
superior
33. What
is authority?
ü Authority
is the right to give orders to and the power to extract obedience from the
subordinates.
ü Authority
is the sum of powers and rights entrusted to make possible the performance of
the work delegated.
34. What
is accountability?
ü Accountability
denotes answerability for the accomplishment of the task assigned by the
superior to his subordinates.
ü Accountability
is the obligation of an individual to keep his superior informed of his use of
authority and accomplishment of the assigned task.
35.
Distinguish between authority and responsibility.
Authority |
Responsibility |
It is the right of the manager to command his subordinates. |
It is the obligation of the subordinate to complete the assigned work. |
It arises due to the position of superior. |
It arises due to superior-subordinate relationship. |
It flows from top to bottom. |
It flows from bottom to top. |
It has longer period as compared to responsibility. |
It gets completed with the completion of the task so
has the shorter period. |
36.
Distinguish between responsibility and accountability.
Responsibility |
Accountability |
It is the obligation of the subordinate to complete the assigned work. |
It is the answerability to the superior for the performance of the work. |
With delegation of the authority, the new responsibility is created at
each level. |
With delegation of the authority, the new responsibility is not created at
any level. |
It arises due to superior-subordinate relationship. |
It originates with the delegation of authority. |
37.
Outline the Process of delegation.
ü Determination of expected results
ü Assignment of job and duties to sub-ordinates
ü Delegation of Authority
ü Fixation of Responsibility
ü Evaluation of Performance
38.
Distinguish between Delegation of authority and decentralization.
Delegation of Authority |
decentralization |
Delegation is individual. It usually involves
two persons, i.e., supervisor and subordinate. |
Decentralization is totalistic in nature. It
involves delegation from top management to the department or the division of
sectional level. |
The purpose of delegation is the multiplication
of manager. |
The purpose of the decentralization is to
increase subordinate's role in the organization. |
It is suitable to all organizations. |
It is suitable to only big organizations. |
39. What
is Job Design?
ü Job Design is the process of deciding on the
contents of a job in terms of its duties and responsibilities.
ü Job
Design aims at outlining and organizing tasks, duties and responsibilities into
a single unit of work for the achievement of certain objectives.
ü Job
design is a continuous and ever evolving process that is aimed at helping
employees make adjustments with the changes in the workplace.
40. What
is human resource management?
Human Resource Management (HRM) is the function
within an organization that focuses on recruitment of, management of, and
providing direction for the people who work in the organization.
41. List
out the Objectives of human resource management.
ü To create and utilize an able and motivated workforce,
to accomplish the basic organizational goals.
ü To attain an effective utilization of human resources
in the achievement of organizational goals.
ü To strengthen and appreciate the human assets
continuously by providing training and development programs.
42. List down the Importance of human
resource management.
ü
Owns the overall talent management processes
ü
Responsible for the over all recruiting of a superior workforce
ü
Recommends market-based salaries and develops an
overall strategic compensation plan
ü
Responsible for recommending and instituting strategies for
people and the organization that further the attainment of the organization's
strategic goals
43. List out the Functions of human resource management.
ü Human
resource planning
ü Job
Analysis
ü Staffing
ü Training
and Development
ü Orientation
ü Career
planning
44. What
is meant by Human resource planning?
Human resource planning is a process of assessing
an organization’s human resources needs in the light of organizational goals
and changing condition and making plans to ensure that a competent, stable
workforce is employed.
45. List
down the objectives of human resource planning.
ü Forecasting
human resource requirements
ü Effective
management of change
ü Realizing
the organizational goals
ü Promoting
employees
ü Effective
utilization of HR.
46.
Classify the need for human resource planning.
ü Employment-Unemployment
situation
ü Technological
change
ü Organizational
change
ü Demographic
change
ü Governmental
change
ü Governmental
influences
47. What
is recruitment?
Recruitment refers to the overall process
of attracting, selecting and appointing suitable candidates to one or more jobs
within an organization, either permanent or temporary.
48. What
is the importance of recruitment?
ü Increase
the pool of job candidates at minimum cost.
ü Help to reduce the probability that job applicants,
once recruited and selected, will leave the organization only after a short
period of time.
ü Increase
organizational and individual effectiveness in the short term and long term.
49. List
out the objectives of recruitment.
ü To attract people with multi-dimensional skills and
experiences that suits the present and future organizational strategies.
ü To induct the outsiders with a new perspective to lead
the company.
ü To seek out non-conventional grounds of talent.
ü To design entry pay that competes on quality but not
on quantum.
50. Outline the Steps of recruitment process.
ü Focusing
on the Job Requirements
ü Drafting
a Job Description
ü Understanding
Target Candidates and Their Sources
ü Initial
Screening and Selection Process
ü Sorting
Applications and Short-listing Candidates
ü Interview
and Final Call
ü Reference
and Medical Check
ü Selecting
Candidates and Making an Offer
ü On-boarding
and Induction
ü Assistance
and Evaluation
51. List
out the Sources of recruitment.
- Internal:
Sources of recruitment are from within the organization
- External:
Sources of recruitment are from outside the organization
52. What are
the internal sources of recruitment?
ü
Promotions
ü
Transfers
ü
Internal
advertisements
ü
Retired managers
ü
Recall from long
leave
53. What are
the external sources of recruitment?
ü
Management
Consultants
ü
Public
Advertisements
ü
Campus
recruitment
ü
Recommendations
ü
Deputation
personnel
54. What is
selection?
Selection refers to the process by which qualified
applicants are selected by means of various tests in pre-determined numbers,
out of large number of applicants.
55. What is
staffing?
Staffing is the process of
acquiring, deploying, and retaining a workforce of sufficient quantity and
quality to create positive impacts on the organization’s effectiveness.
56. List out
the objectives of staffing function.
ü
To determine the source of Recruitment of the Employees
ü
To Appoint the Deserved Employees
ü
To Train the Employees
ü
To Proper Allocation of Jobs
ü
To Appraisal the Performance of the Employees
57. Outline the essentials of good staffing policy.
ü It should take into account the interest of both
employer and employees
ü It should be complete in every respect
ü It should be simple and precise
ü It should be reasonably stable and permanent
ü It should be flexible.
58. List out the Steps involved in
staffing process.
ü Manpower requirements
ü Recruitment
ü Selection
ü Orientation and Placement
ü Training and Development
ü Remuneration
ü Performance evaluation
ü Promotion and Transfer
59. What is Orientation?
ü Orientation involves familiarization of the newly
appointed employees to the work environment of the organization as well as to
the fellow employees.
ü Orientation enables a new recruit to become productive
as quickly as possible.
ü Orientation avoids employee costly mistakes by
recruits not knowing the procedures or techniques of their new jobs.
60. List out the objectives of
orientation program.
ü To make the new entrant feel comfortable with the
company on the first day.
ü To brief the new entrant on Company’s culture and
provide necessary understanding of Corporate History, Vision, Goals, and Values
and Beliefs of the Organization.
ü To introduce the new comer to people working in
various departments and also to familiarize with the functions and processes of
various departments and their interrelationship.
61. What is the Purpose of orientation
program?
ü
To make new employees feel at home in new
environment
ü
To remove their anxiety about new workplace
ü
To remove their inadequacies about new peers
ü
To remove worries about their job performance
ü
To provide them job information, environment
62. What is training and development?
Training
and development is a function of
human resource management concerned with organizational activity aimed at
bettering the performance of individuals and groups in organizational settings.
63. List out the importance of training
and development.
ü Optimum utilization of human resources
ü Development of human resources
ü Development of skills of employees
ü Productivity
ü Team spirit
ü Organization culture
ü Organization climate
64. Classify the Training and
development methods.
ü On-the-job
training
ü Off-the-job
training
65.
List down the On-the-job training methods
ü
Coaching
ü
Mentoring
ü
Job Rotation
ü
Job Instruction Technology
ü
Apprenticeship
ü
Understudy
66. List out the Off-the-job training
ü Lectures and Conferences
ü Vestibule Training
ü Simulation Exercises
ü Management Games
ü Case-Study
ü Role Play
ü In-basket Exercise
ü Sensitivity Training
ü Transactional Analysis
67. What is meant by Performance
Management?
Performance
Management is both a strategic and an integrated approach to delivering
successful results in organizations by improving the performance and developing
the capabilities of teams and individuals.
68. List out the objectives of
performance management
ü To enable the employees towards achievement of
superior standards of work performance.
ü To help the employees in identifying the knowledge and
skills required for performing the job efficiently as this would drive their
focus towards performing the right task in the right way.
ü
69. List down the Components of
performance management system.
ü Performance Planning
ü Performance Appraisal and
Reviewing
ü Feedback on performance
followed by personal counseling
ü Rewarding good performance
ü Performance improvement
plans
ü Potential Appraisal
70. What is meant by performance
Appraisal
It
is a systematic evaluation of an individual with respect to performance on the
job and individual’s potential for development.
71. Distinguish between performance
appraisal and performance management
Performance
Appraisal |
Performance
Management |
Focus
is on top down assessment |
Stresses
on mutual objective setting through a process of joint dialogue |
Performed
annually |
Continuous
reviews are performed |
Usage
of ratings is very common |
Usage
of rating is less common |
Focus
is on traits |
Focus
is on quantifiable objectives, values and behaviors |
72. List down the objectives of
performance appraisal
ü To maintain records in order to determine compensation
packages, wage structure, salaries raises, etc.
ü To identify the strengths and weaknesses of employees
to place right men on right job.
ü To maintain and assess the potential present in a
person for further growth and development.
73. List out the importance of performance appraisal
ü To
analyze and review the performance of employees over a specified period of time
ü To see
the gap between the actual and desire performance of the employees
ü To help
management team on how to exercise organizational control
74. List down the techniques and methods
of performance appraisal
ü Critical
incident method
ü Weighted
checklist method
ü Paired
comparison analysis
ü Graphic
rating scales
ü Essay
Evaluation method
ü Behaviorally
anchored rating scales (BARs)
ü 360
degree performance appraisal
75. What is behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARs)
BARS
is formatted performance appraisal is based on making rates on behaviors or
sets of indicators to determine the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of working
performance. The form is a mix of the rating scale and critical incident
techniques to assess performance of the staff.
76. What is meant by 360 degree performance appraisal?
360
degree performance appraisal is a method that employees will give confidential
and anonymous assessments on their colleagues.
78. What is career planning?
ü Career planning is a sequence of separate but related
work activities that provide continuity, order and meaning to a person’s life.
ü Career planning is the occupational positions a person
has had over many years.
79. List out the objectives of career
planning.
ü To have a more stable workforce by reducing labor
turnover and absenteeism
ü To increasingly utilize the managerial talent
available at all levels within the organization.
ü It helps employee in thinking of long term involvement
with the organization.
ü To achieve higher productivity and organizational
development.
ü To ensure better use of human resource through more
satisfied and productive employees.
80. List down the need for career
planning and management.
ü To desire to grow and scale new heights.
ü Realize and achieve the goals.
ü Performance measure.
ü High employee turnover
ü To educate the employees
81. Classify the phases of career
development.
ü Development stage
ü Exploration stage
ü Establishment stage
ü Ageing stage
ü Declination stage.
PART – B
1. Explain in detail importance,
process, nature and purpose of organizing.
2. Discuss the objectives and features
of formal and informal organization with merits and demerits.
3. Distinguish between formal and
informal organization. (Nov/Dec 2013), (May/June 2016) (MG6851) (Reg. 2013) (16
Marks)
Classify the different types of organization charts. .
(Nov/Dec 2016) (MG6851) (Reg. 2013) (13 Marks)
4. Outline the different types of
organization structure with their advantages and disadvantages.
5. Classify the types of departmentation
and explain its importance. (Nov/Dec 2016) (MG6851)
6. Discuss in detail about span of
control.
Analyze the factors affecting centralization/Decentralization.
Also highlight the merits and demerits of centralization/Decentralization.
(Nov/Dec 2016) (MG6851) (Reg. 2013) (8 Marks)
7.
8. Define delegation of authority.
Discuss in detail about importance, types, elements and process of delegation
of authority. Give suggestion for making delegation effective.
9. Discuss in detail about job design.
10. Explain in detail about job analysis.
11. Classify the functions of human
resource management in detail.
12. Explain in detail about human
resource planning.
13. Analyze the various sources of
recruitment.
14. Explain the objectives and process of
recruitment.
15. Analyze the steps in selection
process. (April/May 2017) (MG6851) (Reg. 2013) (13 Marks)
16. Explain in detail about orientation.
17. Classify the methods of training in
detail.
18. Explain the objectives and importance
of training and development.
19. Classify the methods of performance
appraisal.
20. Explain in detail about performance
management.
21. Discuss the various career planning
and management stages.
ASSIGNMENT TOPICS
1.
Explain how centralization-decentralization
and formalization are used in organizational design.
2.
Discuss each
of the five forms of departmentalization
3.
Contrast
mechanistic and organic organization.
4.
Explain the
contingency factors that affect organization design.
5.
Discuss the
organizational design challenges that managers face today.
6.
Analyze the
contemporary organizational designs.
7.
Discuss the
environment factors that most directly affect the HRM process.
8.
Explain why
the HRM process is important.
9.
Discuss the
major sources of potential job candidates.
10. Discuss the different selection devices and which work
best for different jobs.
11. Analyze why orientation is so important.
12. Classify the different types of training and how each
type of training can be provided.
13. Analyze the factors that influence employee
compensation and benefits.
14. Discuss how managers can manage downsizing.
15. Discuss how organizations are controlling HR costs.
UNIT IV
DIRECTING
PART-A
1. List down the elements of individual behavior.
ü Biographical characteristics
ü Ability
ü Personality
ü Learning
2. What is personality?
ü Personality is a set of distinct characteristics of an
individual.
ü Some people tend to be emotional, others intellectual,
bold or timid, hesitant or confident, reserved or social, etc.
ü Personality is shaped from heredity and culture and
environment, which lead to personality traits.
3. What is
heredity?
Heredity
refers to those factors that were determined at conception (expectancy time of
a female), for instance, physical stature/ structure, facial attractiveness,
skin color, hair color, muscles composition, energy level, height, built, sex/
gender, temperament, and so on.
4. List down the five Big personality
traits.
ü Extraversion
ü Agreeableness
ü Conscientiousness
ü Emotional stability
ü Openness to experience
5. What is locus of control?
ü Some people believe they are masters of their own
fate/ destiny, and other believes in luck or chance.
ü Individuals who believe that they control what happens
to them are called “internals” and the individuals who believe that what
happens to them is controlled by outside forces, such as luck or chance are
called “externals”.
6. What is Self-Esteem?
It
is the individual’s degree of liking or disliking of oneself.
7.
What is meant by Self-Monitoring?
It
is the ability to measure one’s own performance against some performance
standards or benchmarks. Such people offer better results.
8. What is meant by Learning?
Learning
is defined as many permanent change in behavior as a result of observation and
experience.
9. What is Operant Conditioning?
It’s
a type of conditioning in which desired behavior leads to a reward or prevents
a punishment.
10. List out the methods of shaping
behavior.
ü Positive reinforcement
ü Negative reinforcement
ü Punishment
ü Extinction
11. What is Punishment?
ü Punishment for undesired behavior can result in verbal or
written reprimands, pay cuts, loss of privileges, lay offs, and termination.
12. What is meant by extinction?
ü Extinction is the withdrawal of reinforcement or the behavior that
was rewarded earlier or reinforced in any way becomes extinguished.
13. What is meant by positive
reinforcement?
Managers
reward desired behavior or performance
14. What is negative reinforcement?
Managers
show resentment or anger on undesired behavior or performance.
15. What is Continuous Reinforcement?
ü Continuous
reinforcement is rewarding behavior/
performance every time it occurs. Fixed interval is rewarding behavior/
performance at fixed intervals like, quarterly, biannually, and annually.
16. Define Group.
A group is defined as two or more individuals,
interacting and interdependent, who have come together to achieve particular
objectives.
17. Classify the groups.
ü Formal group
ü Informal group
ü Command group
ü Task group
ü Interest group
18. What is Group structure?
Group
structure is a pattern of relationships among members that hold the group
together and help it achieve assigned goals.
19. What is meant by group cohesiveness?
Cohesiveness
refers to the bonding of group members and their desire to remain part of the
group.
20. What is group Dynamics?
ü Group dynamics deals with the attitudes and behavioral
patterns of a group.
ü Group dynamics concern how groups are formed, what is
their structure and which processes are followed in their functioning. Thus, it
is concerned with the interactions and forces operating between groups.
21. Outline the stages of Group
Development.
ü Forming
ü Storming
ü Norming
ü Performing
ü Adjourning
22. What is conflict?
Conflict
is a process in which one party perceives
that its interests are being opposed or adversely affected by one or more other
parties.
23. What is motivation?
ü Motivation is the set of forces that cause people to
choose certain behaviors from among the many alternatives open to them.
ü Motivation is defined as the incentive that is given
for inspiration to accomplish something.
ü Motivation is what drives a person to participate in
an organization.
24. Why motivation is important for
individuals?
ü
Motivation will
help him achieve his personal goals.
ü
If an individual
is motivated, he will have job satisfaction.
ü
Motivation will
help in self-development of individual.
ü
An individual
would always gain by working with a dynamic team.
25. List out the motivation theories.
ü Maslow Hierarchy need theory
ü Hertzberg Motivation – Hygiene Theory (Two Factor
Model
ü McClelland’s Needs Theory of Motivation
ü Expectancy Theory of Motivation
ü Equity theory
ü Reinforcement theory of motivation
ü Alderfer’s ERG theory of motivation
26. Who is Theory X Manager
ü Theory X managers don't trust employees.
ü They think people need firm controls, coercion, and
threats to get them to be productive.
ü These managers adopt a more dictatorial style
ü They adopt 'Tough"
management practices aim at
achieving organizational goals by using fear tactics
27. Who is Theory Y Manager?
ü Theory Y managers believe employees really want to
like to work and would love to have their work be meaningful.
ü Theory Y presents an optimistic view of the employees’
nature and behavior at work.
28. What are the Maslow pyramids of
human needs?
ü Physiological Needs
ü Security / Safety Needs
ü Social Needs
ü Esteem Needs
ü Self-actualization Needs
29. List out the McClelland’s Needs
Theory of Motivation
ü Need for Power (n/PWR)
ü Need for Affiliation (n/AFF)
ü Need for Achievement (n/ACH)
30. What is Valency?
Refers
to emotional orientations which people hold with respect to outcomes (rewards)
– the value the person attaches to first and second order outcomes.
31. What is meant by Expectancy?
Refers
to employees’ different expectations and levels of confidence about what they
are capable of doing – the belief that effort will lead to first order
outcomes.
32. What is instrumentality?
Refers
to the perception of employees whether they will actually receive what they
desire, even if it has been promised by a manager – the perceived link between
first order and second order outcomes.
33. Explain Intrinsic and extrinsic
reward
ü Intrinsic
rewards are the positive feelings
that the individual experiences from completing the task e.g. satisfaction,
sense of achievement.
ü Extrinsic
rewards are rewards emanating from
outside the individual such as bonus, commission and pay increases.
34. What is meant by Morale?
Morale
can be defined as the total satisfaction derived by an individual from his job,
his work-group, his superior, the organization he works for and the
environment. It generally relates to the feeling of individual’s comfort,
happiness and satisfaction.
35. What is meant by Job Satisfaction?
ü Job satisfaction is as a pleasurable or positive
emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job or job experience.
ü Job satisfaction is an affective or emotional response
toward various facets of one’s job.
36. Define job Enrichment
ü Job enrichment is a motivational technique which
emphasis the need for challenging and interesting work.
ü Job enrichment allows the employee control in planning their work
and deciding authority how to complete it.
37. Classify the dimensions of Job
Enrichment
ü Skills variety
ü Task identity
ü Task significance
ü Autonomy
ü Feedback
38. Define Leadership
Leadership
is the ability to persuade others to seek defined objectives enthusiastically.
It is the human factor which binds a group together and motivates it towards
goals.
39. List out the ingredients of
leadership
ü Reliability
ü Training
ü Loyalty
ü Sureness
ü Adaptability
ü Enthusiasm
40. List down the importance of
leadership
ü Initiates action
ü Motivation
ü Providing guidance
ü Creating confidence
ü Building morale
ü Builds work environment
ü Co-ordination
41. List out the Qualities of a leader
ü Physical appearance
ü Vision and foresight
ü Intelligence
ü Communications skills
ü Knowledge of work
ü Sense of responsibility
ü Self-confidence and will-power
42. Classify the functions of a leader
ü To act as a representative of the
work-group
ü To develop team spirit
ü To act as a counselor of the
people at work
ü Proper use of Power
ü Time Management
ü Secure effectiveness of
group-effort
43. Distinguish leader and manager
Manager |
Leader |
A person becomes a manager
by virtue of his position. |
A person becomes a leader
on basis of his personal qualities. |
Manager has got formal
rights in an organization because of his status. |
Rights are not available to
a leader. |
The subordinates are the
followers of managers. |
The
groups of employees whom the leaders lead are his followers. |
A manager performs all five
functions of management. |
Leader influences people to
work willingly for group objectives. |
It is more stable. |
Leadership is temporary. |
44. List down the types of leadership
power
ü
Legitimate power
ü
Charismatic power
ü
Expert power
ü
Reward power
ü
Coercive power
ü
Political power
45. List out the Leadership styles
ü Autocratic
ü Democratic
ü Laissez-faire
ü Transformational
ü Transactional
46. Outline the Theories of leadership
ü Great Man Theories
ü Trait Theories
ü Contingency Theories
ü Situational Theories
ü Behavioral Theories
ü Participative Theories
ü Management Theories
ü Relationship Theories
47. What is meant by Communication?
ü Communication is the exchange and flow of information
and ideas from one person to another.
ü Communication acts as a source of information and
helps in the decision making process and helps in identifying the alternative
course of action.
48. What are the importance of
communication?
ü Necessary for planning
ü Basis of co-ordination
ü Establishment of effective leadership
ü Increases managerial efficiency
ü Smooth Working of Enterprise
ü Job satisfaction
49. List out the forms of communication
ü Face-to-Face
ü Email
ü Telephone
50. What is upward communication?
ü Upward communication is the vertical communication
flows form lower level to one or more higher levels in the organization.
ü Upward communication travels from subordinates to
superiors and continues up the organizational hierarchy
51. What is downward communication?
ü Downward communication occurs when information and messages flow down
through an organization's formal chain of command or hierarchical structure.
52.
Distinguish between upward and downward communication
Upward Communication |
Downward Communication |
Its direction is bottom to
top or subordinates to superiors |
Its direction is top to
bottom or superiors to subordinates |
It is participative in
nature |
It is directive in nature |
Providing feedback,
opinions, suggestions, requests etc to superiors |
Giving order,
instructions, advice etc. to subordinate |
To convey complain,
feedback, opinions, suggestions, requests etc. |
To communicate
organizational goals, plans, procedures, orders, instructions, advices etc. |
53. What is Horizontal Communication?
ü Horizontal communication is the
communication that flows laterally within the organization, involves persons at
the same level of the organization.
ü
Horizontal
communication is the
communication where information or messages flows among the similar or same
level statuses of people in the organizational structure.
54. What is meant by Vertical
Communication?
ü Vertical communication is the
communication where information or messages flows between or among the
subordinates and superiors of the organizational.
ü Vertical communication is a flow of
information up and down the organization’s hierarchy.
55. Distinguish between horizontal and
vertical communication
Horizontal Communication |
Vertical Communication |
Main purpose is to
co-ordinate the activities of various departments and division of the
organization |
Main purpose is to provide
orders, instructions, advices, feedback, opinions, suggestions, request
within sub-ordinates and superiors |
Information or messages
flows between same level and statuses people |
Information and messages
flow between subordinates and superiors |
Generally use oral method |
Generally use written
method |
Free flow distortion of
messages |
May possibility of
distortion of messages |
56. What is informal communication?
ü Informal communication is the takes place without
regard to hierarchical or task requirements.
ü Informal communication is the flow of information
without regard for the formal organizational structure, hierarchical or
reporting relationship.
57. What is meant by Grapevine
Communication?
ü
Grapevine is an
informal channel of business communication.
ü
It is called so
because it stretches throughout the organization in all directions irrespective
of the authority levels.
58. Distinguish between formal and
informal communication
Formal Communication |
Informal Communication |
Organizational rules are
strictly followed. |
It does not generally
follow the rules of organization |
Requires official
recognition. |
It does not require any
official recognition. |
It is inflexible in nature |
Being flexible, It can be
changed easily. |
Not free and open to
all. Secrecy is maintained here. |
It is free and open to
all, So it is very difficult to maintain secrecy here. |
Requires much time and
cost. |
Requires less time and
cost. |
59. What is verbal communication?
Verbal
communication refers to the form of communication in which message is
transmitted verbally; communication is done by word of mouth and a piece of
writing.
60. What is oral communication?
Oral communication implies
communication through mouth. It includes individuals conversing with each
other, be it direct conversation or telephonic conversation. Speeches,
presentations, discussions are all forms of oral communication.
61. What is written communication?
ü Written communication is essential for preparing
worthy promotional materials for business development.
ü Written communication helps in laying down apparent
principles, policies and rules for running of an organization.
62. What are the forms of written
communication?
ü Memos
ü Reports
ü Bulletins
ü Job descriptions
ü Employee manuals and
ü Electronic mail
63. What is Non-verbal Communication?
ü
Nonverbal
communication is the sending or receiving of wordless messages.
ü
It is
communication of feelings, emotions, attitudes, and thoughts through body
movements / gestures / eye contact, etc.
64. List down the types of non-verbal communication
ü Facial expressions
ü Body movements and postures
ü Gestures
ü Eye contact
ü Touch
65. List out the Basic types of
grapevine
ü Single strand Grapevine
ü Gossip Grapevine
ü Probability Grapevine
ü Cluster Grapevine
PART – B
1. Discuss in detail about individual
and group behavior.
2. Explain in detail about motivation.
3. Classify the motivation theories in
detail. (Nov/Dec 2012), (May/June 2016) (MG6851) (Reg. 2013)
Analyze your view about Maslow’s hierarchy of need
theory. (April/May 2011), (May/June 2016) (MG6851) (Reg. 2013) (8 Marks)
4. Discuss two-factor theory of
motivation.
5. Explain Porter and Lawler theory of
motivation and Adam’s equity theory of motivation.
6. Explain any one motivation theory and
suggest how the motivation theory might aid in getting managers to motivate
their staff.
Explain how job enrichment helps organizations to
maintain competitiveness. (Nov/Dec 2016) (MG6851) (Reg. 2013) (8 Marks)
7. Discuss in detail about job
satisfaction.
8. Discuss the obstacles to the
leadership flexibility and leader styles based on them.
9. Classify the types and theories of
leadership in detail. Nov/Dec 2017) (MG8951) (Reg. 2017)
(13 Marks)
10. Discuss in detail about creativity.
11. Discuss the essential qualities of a
good leader.
12. Explain the different barriers of
communication. What steps can be taken to overcome such barriers? (Nov/Dec
2016) (MG6851) (Reg. 2013) (16 Marks)
13. Classify the types of formal and
informal organizational communication in detail.
ASSIGNMENT TOPICS
1.
Analyze why
the concept of an organization as an iceberg is important.
2.
Discuss how
individuals reconcile inconsistencies between attitudes and behavior.
3.
Analyze the
four job-related attitudes.
4.
Explain the
impact job satisfaction has on employee behavior.
5.
Analyze how
emotions and emotional intelligence affect behavior.
6.
Name three
shortcuts used in judging others.
7.
Interpret how
an understanding of perception can help managers better understand individual
behavior.
8.
Analyze how
managers can shape behavior.
9.
Analyze what
managers can do deal with workplace misbehavior.
10. Discuss the criteria that managers can use to evaluate
the various communication methods.
11. Analyze the barriers to effective interpersonal
communication.
12. Discuss how managers should handle the grapevine.
13. Discuss the challenges of managing communication in an
internet world.
14. Interpret why communicating with customers is an
important managerial issue.
15. Discuss the cross-culture challenges of motivation.
16. Analyze the challenges managers face in motivating
today’s workforce.
17. Discuss the issues today’s leaders face.
UNIT V
CONTROLLING
PART-A
1. Define Controlling.
Controlling
is a systematic exercise which is called as a process of checking actual
performance against the standards or plans with a view to ensure adequate
progress and also recording such experience as is gained as a contribution to
possible future needs.
2. List out the importance of
Controlling.
ü Helps in achieving organizational goals
ü Judging accuracy of standards
ü Making efficient use of resources
ü Improving employee motivation
ü Ensures order and discipline
3. What are the Features of controlling?
ü It is an end-function
ü It is a pervasive function
ü It is forward looking
ü It is dynamic process
ü It is related with planning
4. List down the types of Controls
ü Feed-Forward Controls
ü Concurrent Controls
ü Feedback Controls
5. List out the various non-budgetary
control techniques
ü Observation
ü Statistical report
ü Break-Even Point
ü Operational Audit
6. List down the various modern control
techniques
ü Financial statements
ü Management information systems
ü Management Audit
ü Return of Investment
ü Responsibility Accounting
ü Network techniques
7. Define Budget
ü A budget is a quantitative expression of a plan
for a defined period of time.
ü It expresses strategic plans of business units,
organizations, activities or events in measurable terms
8. List down the types of budget
ü
Sales Budget
ü
Production Budget
ü
Production Cost Budget
ü
Raw Materials Budget
ü
Purchases Budget
9. What is Budgetary Control?
Budgetary
control is the process of developing a spending plan and periodically comparing
actual expenditures against that plan to determine if it or the spending
patterns need adjustment to stay on track.
10. What is Zero-based Budgeting?
ü Zero-based Budgeting requires managers to start at
zero for each budget period and justify every input and output when developing
the budget.
ü Zero Based Budgeting is a cost-benefit analysis for
all decision-making in an organization.
11. What is meant by Performance based
budgeting?
ü Performance based budgeting focus on the strategic planning
or determines development measures.
ü It also provides quantifiable data to determine
success.
ü Many government organizations use performance based
budgeting.
12. What is Break-even Point?
ü Break-even analysis is a useful tool to study the
relationship between fixed costs, variable costs and returns.
ü Break-even analysis computes the volume of production
at a given price necessary to cover all costs.
13. Define productivity
ü Productivity is a relationship between output and
input. It is expressed or measured as a ratio of output and input. In other
words, it equals output divided by input
14. List down the benefits of
productivity.
ü Higher profit
ü Employee welfare
ü Good credit rating
ü Goodwill
ü Better credit terms
ü Low Turnover
15. What is production control?
Production
control refers to ensuring that all which occurs is in accordance with the
rules established and instructions issued.
16. What are the elements of production
planning
ü Planning
ü Routing
ü Scheduling
ü Dispatching
ü Follow Up and Expediting
ü Inspection
17. What is Cost Control?
Cost
control, also known as cost management or cost containment, is a broad set of cost
accounting methods and management techniques with the common goal of
improving business cost-efficiency by reducing costs, or at least restricting
their rate of growth.
18. List out the objectives of
purchasing
ü
To support
company operations with an uninterrupted flow of materials and services
ü
To buy
competitively and wisely
ü
To develop
reliable alternate sources of supply
ü
To develop good
vendor relationship and a good continuing supplier relationship
ü
To achieve
maximum integration with the other departments of the firm
19. List out the methods of purchasing
control
ü Hand-to-mouth purchasing
ü Scheduled Purchasing
ü Tender Purchasing
ü Group Purchasing
ü Speculative Purchasing
20. What is Maintenance Control?
Maintenance
control is to achieve the optimum balance between equipment performance,
availability and the cost of maintenance.
21. List out the types of Maintenance
ü Preventive Maintenance
ü Reactive Maintenance
22. What is Preventive Maintenance?
Also
known as planned maintenance, aims to forecast when failures are likely to
occur, and to fix the problem before it occurs, at a time that is convenient to
both production and maintenance.
23. What is meant by Reactive
Maintenance?
Often
known as unplanned or corrective maintenance, occurs where the plant is allowed
to run until something fails; after which it is repaired.
24. What is Total Productive
Maintenance?
Total
Productive Maintenance (TPM) is a systematic approach to understanding the
equipment's function, the equipment's relationship to product quality and the
likely cause and frequency of failure of the critical equipment components.
25. What is Overall Equipment
Effectiveness?
ü Overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) is the key
metric in determining how well equipment is performing.
ü OEE measures equipment effectiveness in terms of
availability, performance, and product quality.
26. What is Quality Control?
Quality
control (QC) is a procedure or set of procedures intended to ensure that a
manufactured product or performed service adheres to a defined set of quality
criteria or meets the requirements of the client or customer.
27. What are Direct and Preventive
Control?
ü Direct controls are based on feedback, by measuring deviations from
standards analyzing the causes of deviations and taking the necessary
corrective steps to bring performance on the right track.
ü Preventive
controls are based on the philosophy
of preventing undesirable deviations from occurring, by developing a highly
qualified managerial staff.
28. What is Reporting?
Reporting
is that part of management control system which provides different information
to management at regular interval. Management reporting is the instrument for
making control and decision effective.
29. List down the objectives of
Reporting.
ü To ensure the operational efficiency of the concern.
ü To facilitate the maximum utilization of resources
ü To secure industrial understanding among people who
are engage in various aspects of work of enterprise
ü To enable to motivating improving discipline and
morale
30. List out the types of reporting
ü Internal Reporting
ü External Reporting
31. What is Principles of reporting?
ü The report should present true and fair view of the
business affairs.
ü Report should serve the basic purpose for which it is
prepared.
ü The report should be simply written.
ü A report should be in a proper format and must contain
appropriate content.
32. Essential of good reporting system
ü It should be in proper form and time
ü Contains proper flow of information
ü Flexible in nature
ü Facilitation of evaluation
ü Economy
PART – B
1. Explain the different budgetary and
non-budgetary control techniques.
2. Outline the steps in implementation
of budgetary control.
3. Discuss the potential barriers to
successful controlling.
4. Discuss the steps in controlling
process.
5. Classify the different types of
control in detail.
6. Analyze the requirements of effective
control.
7. Classify the different types of
budgets.
8. Explain the role of IT in controlling. (May/June 2016) (MG6851) (Reg. 2013)
(8 Marks)
9. Discuss in detail about MIS concept.
(May/June 2016) (MG6851) (Reg. 2013) (8 Marks)
10. Discuss in detail about break even
analysis and budget as tools for organizational control. . (Nov/Dec 2016)
(MG6851) (Reg. 2013) (16 Marks)
11. Discuss in detail about Gant chart.
12. Explain the steps involved in
PERT/CPM and analyze its applications.
13. Define productivity. Discuss the
methods of improving productivity.
14. Analyze the problems involved in
measuring the productivity.
15. Analyze the importance of
productivity measures in any organization. Also in detail enumerate the
different productivity enhancement tools used by the organization in the
present competitive scenario.
16. Discuss in detail about reporting.
ASSIGNMENT TOPICS
1. Analyze the reasons control is
important in an organization.
2. Interpret how balanced scorecards and
benchmarking are used in controlling.
3. Discuss why control is important to
customer interactions.
4. Examine how managers may have to
adjust controls for cross-cultural differences.
5. Interpret workplace concerns and how
they might be controlled.
6. Analyze the manager’s role in
improving productivity.
7. Discuss technology’s role in
manufacturing.
8. Interpret mass customization and how
operations management contributes to it.
9. Discuss the strategic role of
operations management.
10. Contrast manufacturing and service
organization.
11. Analyze the concept corporate
governance.
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